I think part of the confusion here is the fact that the word "consensus" is used in two different meanings here.
Bitcoin has a concept of "consensus rules", which are the rules that all blocks and transactions must obey to be considered valid. They are called this way, because all nodes must implement them exactly the same way. If two nodes differ in their implementation of consensus rules, they risk ending up on permanently distinct chains (if both have hashrate and get blocks mined that are mutually inacceptable to the nodes).
In this sense, transactions are indeed verified according to the consensus rules before they end up in a block. Because transactions that do not follow these rules are simply ignored by nodes and dropped on the floor.
Yet, there is no consensus about these transactions. They're not in a block yet, so nodes have no way of knowing whether or not other nodes consider them part of the best chain. All they know is that they are valid, and eligible for inclusion in a block.
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