How is Ethereums Governance model handling potential community divisions?

I am trying to get a better understanding of how the governance model of Ethereum work.

Lets say a controversial but arguably much needed update is proposed through the EIP program. If this is the right path for eth or not, the community is rather split about. How do the Ethereum community proceed with such challenges? How is their Governance model solving such? ( i know other chains have onchain voting for such) And does anybody have an example of how such has been handled before with Ethereum?

(sorry for all the such)