Question about Signing and Verifying Messages in Bitcoin

Hi,

I’m trying to understand the process of signing and (specifically) verifying messages in the Bitcoin protocol.

I understand that to sign a message, the private key associated with a Bitcoin address is used, which generates a signature. However, when verifying the signature, the message, signature, and address are needed. This is where my confusion arises:

How can the verification software verify the signature if the public key cannot be directly derived from the Bitcoin address?

The address is a hash of the public key, which means that you cannot reverse the process to obtain the public key from the address. So, how is the signature verification actually carried out without direct access to the public key?

I appreciate any explanations. Thanks in advance!