How does EIP-1559 solve predictability during high utilization if there is no limit to max_priority_fee

As in the title, how does EIP1559 solve the problem of gas during periods of high utilization/congestion if there is no limit to priority fee and max fee?

I am aware that empirically, EIP1559 has improved the gas fee situation. However, I am just wondering why it works if folks can just set higher and higher max fees to get their transaction to succeed, resulting in the same problems as with Type 0/Legacy transactions.

I apologize if this has been asked before, I have tried to look around the internet but didn't get very far (or maybe just didn't get far enough down the search results). Most posts talk about how EIP1559 helps the situation by adjusting base fees predictably, but I fail to see why people don't just start "bidding wars" by setting high max fees.